How does mediation prevent, manage, and resolve international conflict Thesis

How does mediation prevent, manage, and resolve international conflict - Thesis Example to bring peace and security to different nations and diminishing the threats imposed on international security by bridging the gap between conflicting parties through mutual settlement and negotiation. Intractable international disputes have always been there with us and have been posing threats to international peace and security. More than this, they lead to continuous wars, violence and numerous deaths from time to time. International stability is always at stake owing to these conflicts that do not have a solution to them and where none of the disputants are willing to compromise to reach a settlement. It’s very difficult to find a solution to such intractable disputes since they go on for a long period with negotiations almost impossible. However, in such cases, mediation is a tool which can bring down the effect of the escalating disputes and its consequences including violence, war and deaths to a lower count. â€Å"It offers the prospect of escaping the dilemmas of intractability†. (Bercovitch 2004) Mediation is a process in which a third party neutral helps in resolving a dispute between two or more other parties. The role of the mediator is to facilitate and assist the parties in working out what the real issues of dispute are, allowing communication between them and other things that meet the interest of the parties by finding a solution to their dispute. (Honeyman, Yawanarajah, 2003) The paper finds out the different types of mediation; the role played by a mediator in bridging the gap between two parties involved in the dispute; the purpose of mediation in international conflicts; the loopholes that arise due to mediators losing humanitarian values and the ways of enhancing effectiveness of mediation. It has clearly pointed out the nations undergoing intractable disputes in the 70’s and 80’s and the number of deaths arising due to the parties not reaching any settlement. A case study of African civil wars also brings to the fore that

Chu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chu - Essay Example The school has remained to be one of the altenatives in the 11th century as a Confuniacism mainstream (Kim, 2000). Consequently, the philosophy need to be recommended because of the inherent interest that it holds. The philosophy focuses on the social and moral problems which are perfect guidelines for leaders of Chu. The natural knowledge of philosophy is of great value to the leaders since they have a key role in investigation of things.Additionally, the philosophy are weighted heavily on the social and moral concerns with the objects and knowledge failing to be excluded form the ‘wu’ conception (Kim, 2000). Closely related to the philosophical aspect is the belief that the moral order underlaid the natural world and offered a cosmic basis for the morality. This has been recognized by the founders of Neo-Confucian moral philosophy. That is the reason why the shift is considered as the key achievement since the philosophy exists without the help of cultural tradition. The main outcome of the philosophy was a rising importance of moral cultivation in comparison with cultural accompl ishments and

Mental and Monetary Costs of Prom: Is It Really Worth It?

Mental and Monetary Costs of Prom: Is It Really Worth It? Prom is considered a rite of passage for most American teenagers in their junior and senior years of high school. It is considered a must-attend event, where memories are forever made. Students dress in high-end dresses and tuxedos, make-up, hair, nails and accessories for the girls, and fancy tuxedos for the boys. The financial expenses can be phenomenal, but is the experience really worth the costs? A newer trend in prom activities is the promposal, which can vary in cost depending on the choice in the way it is carried out. Some students opt for small tokens such as a small sign, a box of candy, maybe even flowers to ask a date to prom. Others choose to ask in a huge way, so that their prospective date will want to say yes. There have been students who have spent hundreds of dollars buying jewelry, having huge banners made, and even having flash mobs perform just to propose a date to prom. The typical attire for a young man at prom is a tuxedo. Tuxedos can be purchased or rented, depending on the budget and need. Haircuts are a must, as well as boutonnieres. In 2013, the cost for a boy to attend prom was $325 on average, which includes items such as a haircut, tuxedo, and boutonniere. [PR Newswire. (Mar. 26, 2014)] In years past, it was customary for the boy to purchase prom tickets, which can sometimes cost up to $50 per couple, and a meal, which can run up to $100 depending on where the meal takes place. For females, the financial costs are typically higher. Dresses for prom are a must, and the more unique, the better. Uniqueness, can come at a price. Prom dresses in 1995 were listed at a wholesale cost ofÂÂ   $59 to $219. [Dianne M. Pogoda WWD. (Oct. 10, 1995): p14] Now, dresses can cost up to $500 depending on what style and designer is used. Hairstyling, nails, and makeup must be done. Accessories such as shoes, jewelry, and sometimes handbags must also be purchased. In 2013, the average cost for a female to attend prom was $633 [PR Newswire. (Mar. 26, 2014)]. There are several prom expenses that are now split between the couple, including transportation and any post-prom activities. Transportation to and from prom was traditionally the responsibility of the young man, but in recent years the trend of renting limousines or unique party buses or cars has become very popular and is considered a shared cost. Costs for transportation rental can vary, but a figure from 2015 suggested that average rental of a limousine was $100 per couple. [Kaitlin Menza Choices/Current Health (May 2015)]. Party buses and other more extravagant travel arrangements can run higher. Post-prom activities can include any events that can be imagined. Tickets and photos are also now considered shared expenses. In 2013, shared costs equaled about $487 [PR Newswire. (Mar. 26, 2014)]. On average, spending on prom can be very expensive for each household, and steadily rises every year. In 2013, prom costs per couple averaged around $1445, and costs have risen at a steady rate of 34% since 2011 [PR Newswire. (Mar. 26, 2014)]. Based on these figures, this could push prom costs for the 2017 season past $3000. Parents reported in a 2015 Visa survey that they typically ended up paying close to 56% of prom costs while students earn money to pay for the other 44%. [Kaitlin Menza (May 2015)]. Prom costs can be very difficult for families with smaller disposable incomes to afford.ÂÂ   Many families must budget costs to fit into their finances, leaving families feeling stressed and teenagers worried about not fitting in or being able to enjoy prom to the fullest. Peer acceptance can be a major issue for kids, and not being able to afford the best of everything causes self esteem issues, or cause them to miss out on opportunities to make memories with their friends and fellow students. Some students avoid prom activities because they do not want to feed into the atmosphere of materialism that prom promotes. They see other students around them competing to be better than the rest of their friends in their attire and unique, over-the-top prom experiences and feel as though it causes too many problems socially. I personally feel as though prom as it is now is not worth the high price of attending. I feel like 20 years down the road the memory will be the same, no matter what I wear or drive up in. The actual time that students spend at the dance is so short, and I feel I would have just as good a time hanging out all night with a close group of friends instead of getting dressed in a tuxedo and riding in a limousine. I also know that a lot of times, kids use prom night as an opportunity to do a lot of things that could get them in a lot of trouble. Sometimes the decisions they make affect the rest of their lives, when they never really intended for it to. This even sometimes puts innocent people in danger. I just do not think that spending that much money is worth it in the end. References Cost of Prom Projected to Skyrocket to $1,900 in 2014 According to Golden Asp. PR Newswire, 26 Mar. 2014. Academic OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA362836604it=rasid=d1ae8648702ac135e71679319f9e315d. Accessed 3 Feb. 2017. Crosley, Sloane. American prom: awkward. Hilarious. Heartbreaking. Magical. The high-school prom is a very American rite of passage. Renowned photographer Mary Ellen Mark invites herself to the dance, capturing the poignant moment teenagers teeter on the edge of adulthood. Smithsonian, Apr. 2012, p. 68+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOFsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA294821420it=rasid=caa97e8bd07c8be19acf7b2e64607675. Accessed 10 Feb. 2017. Menza, Kaitlin. Is prom $pending out of control? Choices/Current Health, May 2015, p. 2+. Academic OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA412981445it=rasid=9e38e078b178a32418c9899ab0a20cd1. Accessed 6 Feb. 2017. Pogoda, Dianne M. Prom seen dressing up profits. WWD, 10 Oct. 1995, p. 14+. General OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOFsw=wu=j020902v=2.1id=GALE%7CA17570761it=rasid=035dcf244387607f979553e4533f0454. Accessed 10 Feb. 2017.

Reform Movement in the United States Essay

The protestant revival movement that began in the 1790s in New England caused reforms in America. Between 1825 and 1850, the United States government made reforms that greatly increased the influence of democratic ideals: universal suffrage and individual rights. Such reforms included prisons, churches, women suffrage, temperance, and education. Prison reforms expanded democratic ideals through the change in policies and mission statements. Debtor prisons were abolished, the number of capitol crimes was reduced, and prison became a place of reform as well as punishment. As shown in document A, the Fourth Annual Report, Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the City of New York, 1829, stated, â€Å"To confine these youthful criminals . . . where little can be leaned but the ways of the wicked.† It is saying that the prisons originally were bad and that reforming people would be useless and therefore the reform of the prisons would fix this problem and therefore be able to save individual rights and become clean. Church reforms also expanded democratic ideals through allowing freedom of religion and expansion of different sects. As Charles G. Finney in 1834 said, â€Å"When the churches are . . . awakened and reformed . . . the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow.† He is saying that because the church reformed, the people will reform in the same way. Therefore, by using this information, one can say that because the church’s rights were more readily expressed, the people would also have more individual rights. Woman suffrage was the most dominate traits that greatly increased the democratic ideals of United States. As woman rights began to increase, women showed that they were more independent as shown through the cult of domesticity. Women were original similar to the status of slaves because they had no voice. This is shown in the engraving by Patrick Reason in 1835 where a woman is in shackles. It shows the original status of women which changes slightly to more universal suffrage in America. Temperance also expanded democratic ideals in that it gave people more rights to form what they felt was correct. Because it was lead by women, a group of  society usually suppressed, it was unique in that women started to voice their opinions. In the painting â€Å"The Drunkards Progress, From the First Glass to the Grave† in 1846, it shows that women were most affected by it and that they were motivated to change it. Women were able to speak out and affect the world and that shows individual rights. Education also played a role in expanding democratic ideals. Education was improved through new textbooks, publicized, and improved teaching training facilities increase the average education of the masses. This created a more knowledgeable mass and therefore universal male suffrage was more possible. Through the reforms of prisons, churches, women suffrage, temperance, and education, democratic ideals were expanded. Democratic ideals of universal suffrage and individual rights were spread throughout America. The reforms between 1825 and 1850 expanded democratic ideals.

Ethos: Education and School

In this assignment I will be talking about how Ethos, Missions, Aims and Values are used within the running of the school. And how it helps to provide the highest standard of curriculum for children. As well as how this information is avaliable to parents, and where they are able to obtain this information. Ethos – A school's ethos helps to to set a framework which will help the school to provide a safe and secure learning environment. This will help to reflect its values for a good working environment.A school's positive overall ethos process will provide the school community and all its members with an environment which is paramount for obtaining a successful learning environment for all. A school's ethos is also an agreement which concerns itself with the character and spirit of a particular school, as well as making sure it is reflected in the attitude of the school including the expectations of staff and children. Missions – Missions within a school is to help to p rovide a statement of the values and principles, which help to guides a school's curriculum.It will also help the school to set program goals and objectives. Missions should make clear its purposes with which the school is aiming to achieve and the values and standards, with which this is guiding to help and of which they are consistent. Aims and values – Aims are similar to mission statements in order to make sure that every child matters. As well as parents and the community work together to provide the children with the best care. As well as helping each and every child is helped in developing skills which they will use for life long learning.As well as learning through a broad and balanced curriculum which will help them to become responsible adults. Values play an important part in helping children to feel that they are special in their own way no matter what, and making them feel comfortable within the school environment. As well as helping each child to appreciate othe rs around them whatever their religion, ethnical background etc. Ethos, Missions, Aims and Values are used in the everyday running of the school. They aim to make sure that the curriculum is met to a high standard.As well as making sure that the children are able to learn in a safe and secure environment. They also aim to make sure that the school meets their goals and objectives throughout the school year. The school will also intend to provide the children with the correct resources that will help them to become confident and individual learning, and also sure that they work with school governors to enable them to continually strive and enable them to be able to improve teaching and learning as part of research,, and provide good practice in education policies.The ways that the schools provides information on ethos,missions,aims and values can be through there brochures, which are avaliable on request to parents, governors and OFSTED. They can also palce the information on the sch ools website which again can be accesed by parents, governors etc. Schools can also provide this information at governors meetings which are held within the school. The schools can also provide the information at school events such as fetes as well as using the local media to get the information across, as well as word of mouth.Although not all parents, carers have access to the internet, which can stop them from gaining the information that they need, so they will rely on the school events, local media and word of mouth from other parents, teachers etc. Some parents, carers may not be able to understand this information so may need someone to explain the meaning of the information, in order for them to be able to understand. The effectiveness of these methods are useful as parents and governors are able to see what the school aims to achieve and how they are going to achieve their goals.Also parents and governors are able to see how this will affect the children, and how this will prepare them for adult life. They will also be able to see how these methods will meet the educational needs of the children, and how this will nurture the children, in a strong, safe and respected learning environment. Also this will help parents, carers who are unable understand the methods within a school, to feel valued, as teachers etc have taken the time to explain to them the effectiveness that ethos, missions, aims and values have within the school,From writing this assignment I can see how effective it is to have ethos, missions aims and values within a school, and how they help children to achieve the best education which will help them to achieve to the best of their abilities. In having these in place it will allow the school to have a strong structure in place, to help the school provide children and the community with a strong and safe environment.

The Three Main Types of Bullying - 890 Words

Bullying is defined as any unwanted aggressive behavior among students. Over the past couple of decades bullying has been on the rise amongst middle school and high school students and still remains a prevalent issue. Unfortunately it is very hard to try to pinpoint and even accuse bullies because of the various types. The three main types of bulling are: overt bullying, indirect/relational bullying and cyber bullying (Bauman 2008). In this paper I plan on addressing all three types of bullying and two solutions that I have found to prevent bullying. I will also address the advantages and disadvantages of those solutions and talk about which theoretical perspective aligns with each one. Overt bullying is what I would call â€Å"old school bullying†. Before all the crazy texts and social network bullying, overt bullying was the most common type of bullying. 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Berkshire Hathaway Phenomenon In the Context of Modern...

Berkshire Hathaway Phenomenon In the Context of Modern Finance Theory Septtember 2013 Berkshire Hathaway Phenomenon In the Context of Modern Finance Theory Introduction Over the 46 years ending December 2012, Warren Buffett (Berkshire Hathaway) has achieved a compound, after-tax, rate of return in excess of 20% p.a. Such consistent, long term, out performance might be viewed as incompatible with modern finance theory. This essay discusses the Berkshire Hathaway phenomenon in the context of modern finance theory. Part 1 Modern Portfolio Theory Berkshire Hathaway’s investing strategies mainly differ with modern portfolio theory on two aspects. The first one is the attitude towards the undesirable thing in†¦show more content†¦Having compared the differences, it is still worth noting that Markowitz did not rule out fundamental analysis in portfolio selection process, as is said in his foregoing paper,(Markowitz, 1952)â€Å"the process of selecting a portfolio may be divided into two stages. The first stage starts with observation and experience and ends with beliefs about the future performances of available securities. The second stage starts with relevant beliefs about future performances and ends with the choice of portfolio. This paper is concerned with the second stage†. Part 2 Efficient Market Hypothesis The strong form of efficient market hypothesis states that all information, no matter public or private, instantaneously affects current stock price. Semi-strong form is only concerned with public information, while the weak form suggests that current stock price reflects information in the previous prices. In short, they simply imply that in the long run, no one should be able to beat the market in terms of investment return. As is said in Fama’s paper in 1970, (Eugene F, 1970)â€Å"the evidence in support of the efficient markets model is extensive, and (somewhat uniquely in economics) contradictory evidence is sparse†. However, Warren Buffet has always criticised efficient market hypothesis as much as he could. The majorShow MoreRelatedMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagesassisted in the selection of articles for this book. GNG KLN xi This page intentionally left blank Notes on the Contributors The Editors Greg N. Gregoriou is Professor of Finance in the School of Business and Economics at State University of New York (Plattsburgh), USA. 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We hope you agree that thisRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Man agement215330 Words   |  862 PagesCourse: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth EditionRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages91 4 Emotions and Moods 97 What Are Emotions and Moods? 98 The Basic Emotions 100 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of Emotions 102 †¢ Sources of Emotions and Moods 103 Emotional Labor 108 Affective Events Theory 110 Emotional Intelligence 112 The Case for EI 113 †¢ The Case Against EI 114 †¢ Emotion Regulation 115 OB Applications of Emotions and Moods 115 Selection 116 †¢ Decision Making 116 †¢ Creativity 116 †¢ Motivation 117 †¢ Leadership 117 †¢ Negotiation 117Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pageslittle full-time work experience the text should prove useful in providing a systematic approach and illustrations of strategy in practice. The illustrations and case examples in the text (and associated work assignments) should be used to relate theory to practice. Case studies and the video material should be used in fairly focused ways – in order to consolidate that stage in the learning – rather than in an all-embracing way 9  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Johnson, Whittington and ScholesRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagestypos do not find their way into the final version. Chapter 1: Introduction to Valuation Chapter 2: Approaches to Valuation Chapter 3: Understanding Financial Statements Chapter 4: The Basics of Risk Chapter 5: Option Pricing Theory and Models Chapter 6: Market Efficiency: Theory and Models Chapter 7: Riskless Rates and Risk Premiums Chapter 8: Estimating Risk Parameters and Costs of Financing Chapter 9: Measuring Earnings Chapter 10: From Earnings to Cash Flows Chapter 11: Estimating Growth ChapterRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageswhich have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing t he strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion